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View Full Version : Why even the 1ZZ or 2ZZ?


Lomeinhu
01-13-2002, 05:29 PM
I'm seeing a lot of dissatisfaction with our engines lately. Whether or not the complaints are warranted, I want to know something that is really the foundation of all of this trouble. Why did Toyota choose to put so much time and money into R&Ding the 1ZZ and the 2ZZ when they got the 3SGTE? Keep in mind that I'm not attacking Toyota (per se) for making this decision nor am I trying to convince anyone that Toyota will indeed produce aftermarket parts for our cars.

Here are some of my observations/confusions:

1. The Altezza in Japan has the 2.0L 3SGE (did I get that right?) with a 6 speed transmission. Now I believe that it has the VVTi technology in it. The engine has made the Altezza hugely popular and has been used previously in other Toyota cars with much success (albeit with a factory turbo). The Altezza was even named the best car in Japan (by whom I don't remember) a little while back. Some US magazines have even said that the I4 in the Altezza is superior to the I6 in the IS300 we get here (well, that's arguable). The way I see it, Toyota might have been much better off staying with an engine that they're not even close to retiring (since they used it in a brand new car) instead of feeling the need to develop the 1ZZ or the 2ZZ. If VVTi IS NOT in the Altezza's engine, I'm sure it's as easy of an 'upgrade' development as it was for the '97-'98 TT Supras. Plus, using common engines reduces develoment costs, dividing up production, future risks in new engine failures, etc.

2. If you take a look back at the history of 1ZZ and especially the 2ZZ so far, Toyota's had to cover the cost of this relatively expensive engine for a number of people (let's not get into who's fault is in the blown engines). I guess that Toyota couldn't have foreseen all that, but I'm sure it's common knowledge that with newer technology comes bigger risks (hehe, borrowed that from Spider-Man). The high cost, I'm sure, is a result of limited production, new technology, etc. If Toyota had used the proven 3SGE (or even a more advanced version of 3SGE), the parts would be easily replaceable and less expensive.

3. With the IS300 jumping up to the I6 derived from the NA Supra (which, BTW, has almost limitless tuning abilities esp. since Power House Racing has successfully swapped the Supra TT's engine and 6 speed trans into the IS), it seems logical that when Toyota was looking for a 4 cyl to use in a new sporty coupe, the best one that they got was the 3SGE, which may have been easily designed into the Celica in the first place. After all, the Altezza has very decent HP and torque outputs with this engine, so it really would have been ideal for a car like Celica, which was meant to compete with the Integra. It's almost a waste to have the 3SGE in just a few cars.

4. So here's what we have so far: A. Toyota surely wants to test the waters before jumping in completely, yet it chooses to make TWO new engines rather than use what they have. B. Meanwhile, Toyota wants to make a new corporate image, yet it stayed conservative and made the engines relatively limited in their potential. This paradox is the same as the one found in the 2ZZ: By reducing the displacement of the new engine from a previously developed 2.0L engine to a 1.8L, Toyota found themselves forced to make some kind of advancement to make up for the output disadvantage.

Problem 1: Why make a 1.8L engine instead of a 2.0L engine so that in the end you can say that you have a 1.8L that's mighty close to a 2.0L engine when you could have just started with a 2.0L? Maybe Toyota should've looked to VW's 1.8T for inspiration instead.

Problem 2: Why make 2 brand new engines when you're obviously still sticking with a perfectly capable engine that you have already?

It's hard to believe that the biggest reason for these 2 problem is because Toyota wanted to compete so directly head-to-head with the Integra that it went for the VVTL-i...well, if that's the case, then whoever did the industry research should be fired, b/c the RSX has a 2.0L engine as well as a more economically viable plan of sharing similar engines. Can you imagine the 3SGE in the Celica, AND the Matrix, AND the Corolla? From an industry point of view, I believe that Toyota could have been much more successful with the Celica had it used the 3SGE, even WITHOUT considering the tuning possibilities of the engine. To the people who know nothing of the 3SGE (or 3SGTE), it wouldn't matter which engine Toyota uses. To those who DO know about the 3SGE and 3SGTE, I think they'd be unbelievably happy to have it return to the US. This all boils down to this: the 3SGE is a much easier engine to DEAL with in general, and it's perfectly fine at accomplishing what's needed, so the 1ZZ and the 2ZZ are not really necessary.

Anyone wanna give me some insight into this?

Note: the 1ZZ is also used in Toyota's Premio, Corolla cars in Japan. The 2ZZ is also used in a version of the Corolla in Japan. They may be in other cars, too.

2K1BLKCELGTS
01-13-2002, 06:03 PM
Just a guess...
I would think that the developement for the 1Z and 2Z engine was probably started in 97 or 98, about the time of the War in Iraq. Petroleum looked as though it was going to take a dramatic hike in price. I believe, at the time Japan was having difficulties getting crude.
I really believe that those engines were originally intended as economy engines and not meant to be a real powerhouse. I think that with more developement those engines could most likely be getting 40-50 miles per gallon in the right car.
About the same time Ford was comming out with gas/electric cars.
But your right..what ever the intention was. Even the 5FSE put out about the same as the 1ZZ, roughly same size and weight.
If the 1Z or 2Z was meant to be a 'tiny powerhouse' then where's my turbo or supercharger or?
I also under stand that Yamaha was involved in the design. Why?

Maelfyn
01-13-2002, 07:35 PM
Originally posted by 2K1BLKCELGTS
If the 1Z or 2Z was meant to be a 'tiny powerhouse' then where's my turbo or supercharger or?


It's in the mods forum :p

2K1BLKCELGTS
01-13-2002, 07:59 PM
What I meant is: If Toyota had the design intent to make a Celica with a 'tiny powerhouse' engine, then we would most likely see it stock from the factory with a turbo or supercharger or 6 cyl or..?
Or the ability to add a (factory) turbo, such as their pick-ups.

Lomeinhu
01-13-2002, 08:29 PM
Does anyone think that the 3SGE or the 3SGTE would have been just fine? Or do you think that in some ways the 1ZZ and/or the 2ZZ were necessary for Toyota? And 2K1BLKCELGTS brought up a good point: why was Yamaha involved in this? Was there a specific purpose in enlisting Yamaha for the development of the 2ZZ? What was Yamaha in it for? Seems suspicious, doesn't, that a maker of great bikes will feel compelled to develop an engine for a car?? :confused: Ooh...maybe there WAS a grand plan for this engine after all! None of this really makes any sense, except for that petroleum theory, but no offence of course, Toyota was also pumping out SUV's and heavy cars also. This actually stinks if it were true. I think the gov't passed a law that forces manufacturers to have a certain gas mileage average across their line-up, so maybe the 1ZZ and 2ZZ engine were made more as a way to balance the less efficient engines rather than as performance engines. All HYPOTHETICAL, however.........

2K1BLKCELGTS
01-13-2002, 08:36 PM
Course it was a couple of years after the 6 cyl P.U. caame out that Kazuma came out with the turbo for that.
Hey whats that Kazuma/Toyota relationship anyway?

iDRIVE
01-13-2002, 08:50 PM
Originally posted by 2K1BLKCELGTS
Course it was a couple of years after the 6 cyl P.U. caame out that Kazuma came out with the turbo for that.
Hey whats that Kazuma/Toyota relationship anyway?

The same as TRD/toyota relatioship...:D

VZV21
01-13-2002, 10:08 PM
Originally posted by 2K1BLKCELGTS
Course it was a couple of years after the 6 cyl P.U. caame out that Kazuma came out with the turbo for that.
Hey whats that Kazuma/Toyota relationship anyway?

It's actually a Eaton superchager for the 3.4L 5VZ-FE motor. It's sold under TRD, not Kazuma (which has a different warranty) brand. The 1MZ-FE supercharger for the Camry/Solara/Siena debuted with the Kazuma name.

Kazuma is basically the brand name for TRD parts which are prone to customer tweaking. It has a shorter warranty than the TRD warranty.




The biggest reason for Toyota choosing the Corolla platform primarily was cost and especially weight. Older ST platforms were plain heavy (though nice and stiff, around 500 pounds heavier than the ZZT). Then there's the stigma of using Camry components also, which many Celica & MR2 owners just can't stand.

sdGTS
01-13-2002, 10:59 PM
Originally posted by lomeinhu
And 2K1BLKCELGTS brought up a good point: why was Yamaha involved in this? Was there a specific purpose in enlisting Yamaha for the development of the 2ZZ? What was Yamaha in it for? Seems suspicious, doesn't, that a maker of great bikes will feel compelled to develop an engine for a car??


I believe Toyota asked Yahama to help develop the 2ZZ because of their experience and know-how in building strong-highrevving engine heads (which a 1.8L - 7800RPM engine will need).


Here is more info on Yamaha's involvement with the 2ZZ development:

From AutoZine:
The second selling point is the VVTL-i equipped 2ZZ-GE power plant, that is, an all new aluminium four cylinder developed with the help from Yamaha. Displacing 1796c.c., it breaks the tradition since the third generation that 2-litre engines must be used. It is smaller yet it has an aluminium alloy block. The result is of course great weight saving, which lightens the front wheels and improve handling. Yamaha has been known as an engine expert in Japan and works as a consultant to other car makers. Its experience was acquired from racing motorcycle (an arch-rival of Honda) and once the Formula one engine program (not really Honda

Arghman
01-14-2002, 12:00 AM
Wow dude i never thought of that. I've always kinda thought of the IS as a hefty sluggish sedan compared to the celica, but thats with the i6 not the 3SGTE. That's a dope idea and it's really making me wonder what the hell toyota wsa thinking. I'm thinking maybe they wanted it to be a really high revving engine with a narrow powerband to compete with the berserk ass integras and stuff. And then I also think about weight and stuff for improved control, but then why would they make the engine so friggin peaky and hard to drive if control was the main focus? And yeah, lomeinhu makes a good point of using the 3SGTE the engine for multiple cars. I think it would be a much better candidate for the Matrix than the torqueless 2ZZ, cuz SUVs kinda need torque when they are hauling crap around.

Keyshawn
01-14-2002, 12:36 AM
lomeinhu and 2K1BLKCELGTS,
Excellent points, both of you guys! It all boil down to this: Toyota kinda pussed out and chose fuel economy over performance potential when choosing to use the 1zz and 2zz over the 3S. But since that's all we have to work with, we have to see what we can do with the engines we have. Or go crazy and bust a swap.

VZV21
01-15-2002, 06:58 AM
Let say the Celica continued its older, heavier ways. The base Celica folks will continue to share the Corolla engine. So here's my question: What would you ratehr have underneath the hood: the 7A-FE motor or the 1ZZ-FE motor?

Some quick notes:
7A-FE
93-94: 115 bhp @ 5600 rpm & 115 lb-ft @ 4800 rpm
95+: 105 bhp @ 5200 rpm& 117 lb-ft @ 2800 rpm

1ZZ-FE
98-99: 120 bhp @ 5600 rpm& 122 lb-ft @ 4400 rpm
00-02 (Corolla): 125 bhp @ 5800 rpm & 125 lb-ft @ 4000 rpm
00+ (Celica): 140 bhp @ 6400 rpm & 125 lb-ft @ 4200 rpm

SeanBlader
01-15-2002, 09:30 AM
It all comes down to emissions people. The older 3SGE family of engines isn't able to keep up with the newer and more stringent 50 state emissions standards that are now in force. I believe that VVTL-i skirts around a loophole in testing where emissions tests are conducted at idle and at 2500 RPM's and at that level the 2ZZGE has emissions performance like a base model Camry.

Also Yamaha has had a long history of developing engines for Toyota, they also did the T-VIS on the 4AGE and 4AGZE engines in the old MR2's and Corolla's. If they weren't into developing technology for new performance and new cars we'd all still be driving those as people have gotten the little 1.6 liter 4AGE's up to 450 HP.

And as far as the Matrix goes, the 4WD version is running the 120HP Corolla engine because it's a 2.0 liter and has more torque at the low end. You won't be able to get a 4WD Matrix with the 6 speed and the 2ZZGE engine. And in comparison the Matrix is only like 2750 lbs, which the 2ZZGE can carry around just fine.

Lastly, the 1ZZFE has been in several cars already, Corolla's, Celica GT's and the MR-S. You'll be seeing these 2 engines around the Toyota camp for a while.

Lomeinhu
01-15-2002, 09:41 AM
Thanks sdGTS for the info, it really helped clear up some stuff. Now I see that Toyota really asked Yamaha to help, not so much have a partnership where both get a lot out of the project. Didn't know that Yamaha had a history of collaborating on engine development. But there's still a question that remains: Toyota's had quite a history of WRC, in which 2.0L engines are pretty common. Does making a high-revving, efficient 2.0L engine really make that much of a weight difference that Toyota would choose a 1.8L engine instead? The RSX seems to be okay. Sure, it's a few hundred pounds heavier than the Celica, but most of that's from a heavier chassis, luxury items, etc. not so much the engine, is it?

VZV21
01-15-2002, 09:51 AM
The AWD Matrix is getting the 1.8L 1ZZ-FE, not the 2.0L 2AZ-FE found in the RAV4.

Yamaha was also involved in the 2000GT motor back in the 60's.

The "S" block is iron block. It's still going to be heavier than the aluminum "ZZ" block.

To put it short, using the Corolla platform more extensively also shaved a lot of money. The 94-99 Celica GT cost a few grand more than the current GTS, comparatively equipped. If you thought the GTS was expensive at $24,000, just think in 1998 the Celica GT costs towards $27,000, with less performance than the current GT. If Toyota were to continue, they would have priced themselves out of the competition.

Celica RZ
01-15-2002, 09:54 AM
I did a paper on engine technology about a year ago and presented it and other students asked me the same questions. at the time I couldn't figure it out but I think I can answer the questions now.

First Yamaha - It's an old Toyota practice. They also designed the head for the 3sge engine as well.

2nd why the 2jz and not the 3s in the IS300. Look at the intended market. American, Luxury vs Japan, driving dynamics...and I think torque vs Horspower. The current Generation 3sge revs to 8000 rpm. and I'm sure doesn't make as much torque as the 2jz. Lexus owners, I doubt are interested in revving and listening to their car buzz to 8000 rpm.

next why not the 3s in the celica. the current 3sge is only available in RWD form. so convert the celica into RWD then right? well again look at the intended market. Trying appeal to a youthful market, I don't think Toyota would be selling quite as many celicas if it had more power and also RWD. Why not you ask. because of insurance premiums. Also the 3sge is much more complicated than the 2zzge and there is more drivetrain as well so the cost of the vehicle itself would go up. Toyota's already been there with the MR2 turbo and Celica GT4. Also look at how many people are blowing up their engines, imagine if the celica was RWD as well....

so why not make a FWD 3sge application then? I really don't know the answer to this one but I think you would have to look at will it fit into the celica's engine bay tranversely mounted? chassi dynamics? and a bunch of other technical stuff....

VZV21
01-15-2002, 10:04 AM
Toyota still does make a 3S-GE for FWD, it has intake VVT-i only. It is in the Caldina GT in Japan. It makes 190 bhp @ 7000 rpm & 117 lb-ft @ 6000 rpm (I think I got my Nm conversion right...it's 206 Nm)

pj808
01-15-2002, 03:53 PM
I doubt Toyota has finished "developing" the 2ZZ-GE engine..I am quite sure there is a reason for the included oil cooler taps and oil squirters to cool off the head of the piston. I would think these are for a factory turbo set up later....just be patient..it takes time to get all the bugs ironed out and make something reliable.
pj

Keyshawn
01-15-2002, 03:59 PM
I agree that emissions has a lot to do with the decision to use these engines.